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Oldest University in Africa: The University of al-Qarawiyyin

By Vernon Patterson

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Established in the heart of Fez, Morocco, the University of al-Qarawiyyin holds the distinction of being one of the world’s oldest educational institutions. Founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, a woman dedicated to pursuing knowledge and education, this institution has grown from a mere mosque with an associated school to an influential scholarly center. Over the centuries, it has been a beacon of learning in the Muslim world, significantly contributing to the fields of Islamic studies, mathematics, medicine, and astronomy.

By Hiroki Ogawa, CC BY 3.0

History

Tracing its origins back to the 9th century, the University of Al Quaraouiyine stands as a testament to a rich scholarly tradition, maintaining its stature as a profound educational institution throughout history.

Founding

The University of Al Quaraouiyine was founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, a Tunisian woman, in the city of Fez, Morocco. Initially established as a mosque, the institution evolved, becoming a renowned hub for higher education and intellectual pursuits during the Islamic Golden Age.

Educational Evolution

Over time, the university expanded its curriculum beyond religious studies to include natural sciences, mathematics, and foreign languages. In 1963, Al Quaraouiyine was integrated into Morocco’s modern state university system, reflecting a significant transformation in its educational scope and outreach.

Architecture

The University of Al Quaraouiyine showcases a notable architectural heritage that reflects its long history and cultural significance. This section reviews the spatial organization and some of the renowned structures the university boasts.

Campus Layout

The university campus is an intricate tapestry of interconnected courtyards, passageways, and a series of lecture halls. It is designed to facilitate educational activities and religious observances, emblematic of the fusion of academic and spiritual life in Moroccan culture.

Landmark Buildings

Among the landmarks on campus, the library stands out as a testament to the institution’s scholarly legacy. Carefully: restored, this library houses centuries-old manuscripts and texts. Additionally, the mosque, with its expansive prayer hall and intricate tilework, not only serves as a place of worship but also as a central space for community gatherings and learning.

Academic Profile

The University of al-Qarawiyyin has a distinguished academic portfolio, with a curriculum that emphasizes Islamic religious and legal sciences. The university also offers programs and courses leading to undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in a variety of fields.

Curriculum

The educational approach at al-Qarawiyyin is rooted in traditional methods, focusing primarily on Classical Arabic grammar/linguistics and Maliki Sharia. It also provides teachings in non-Islamic subjects, which cater to a broad sphere of academic disciplines. Undergraduate and postgraduate programs cover diverse areas, such as Politics, History, Law, Literature, Sciences, and more. A summary of programs offered shows they maintain a balance between the religious roots and contemporary academic fields.

Notable Alumni

Al-Qarawiyyin boasts a list of notable alumni who have had profound impacts on various aspects of society. These individuals have been influential in fields ranging from theology and law to science and philosophy. The institution’s contribution to learning and culture throughout history is evidenced by its alumni, many of whom have achieved recognition as leading thinkers and scholars in the Muslim world.

Cultural Significance

The University of Al Quaraouiyine holds a prestigious position as both an ancient academic institution and a symbol of enduring intellectual tradition. It reflects a legacy of learning that has profoundly influenced educational standards across civilizations.

Influence on Education

Al Quaraouiyine has been a cornerstone in shaping educational paradigms, particularly within the Islamic world. It pioneered advanced study structures that subsequently spread throughout academic institutions. Courses at Al Quaraouiyine historically incorporated a diverse curriculum that proved to be a precursor to modern university formats.

Historical Recognition

The university has received recognition for its historical significance, often cited as the oldest continually operating degree-granting university. Scholars and intellectuals like Ibn Khaldun and Judah ha-Levi add to its reputation. They have contributed to the university’s legacy, which resonates to this day. This acknowledgment by historians and academics underlines the institution’s enduring influence on global education and culture.


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